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Country	Pillar	Factor	Framework title	Project cycle	Enforcement practice	Approval body	Approval requirements	Approval timeline	Approval cost	Key provisions	Watch developments
Ghana	Environmental	Material sourcing (Rationale: much of the emissions for minigrids come from the supply chain such as material sourcing and transportation so it would be good to include them for assessment.)	Energy Commission (Local Content & Local Participation) Regulations L.I. 2354 (2017) — local content obligations & enforcement; Renewable Energy Standards & Labelling Regulations (LI 2449, 2452, 2461 etc., 2022) — product conformity for solar panels, batteries, inverters; Ghana Standards Authority import inspection & EasyPass conformity programmes. View source • L.I.2354: requires submission of Local Content & Local Participation Plans, minimum local content/participation levels (schedules) and NA: it requires certain equipment listed in the Seventh Schedule to be sourced locally where local manufacture exists; contravention triggers seizure/forfeiture. • L.I.2449/2452 (2022): sets technical requirements and labelling for solar panels, batteries and inverters — suppliers must hold technical documentation & evidence of conformity; inspectors can seize non-conforming items. • GSA/Customs: high-risk goods must be accompanied by Certificate of Conformity/Analysis or face hold/detention.	Entire Project Cycle	yes	Energy Commission (local content, equipment registration, seizure/destruction of non-conforming renewable equipment); Ghana Standards Authority (import inspection, CoC/CoA, testing); Customs & Ghana Revenue Authority (import duties); EPA (if e-waste/hazardous disposal issues arise).	N/A	varies	Varies	Submit Local Content Plan and evidence for projects above thresholds; expect monitoring and audits. - Register/import only standards-compliant modules/inverters/batteries per EC LIs (models must carry required documentation). - Use GSA/EasyPass to avoid port delays; obtain CoC/CoA and accredited lab test results. - Include battery EOL and hazardous material management in ESIA/EMP. - Budget for import duties, inspection fees, testing fees and potential forfeiture if non-compliant	N/A
Ghana	Environmental	Material sourcing (Rationale: much of the emissions for minigrids come from the supply chain such as material sourcing and transportation so it would be good to include them for assessment.)	Energy Commission (Local Content & Local Participation) Regulations L.I. 2354 (2017) — local content obligations & enforcement; Renewable Energy Standards & Labelling Regulations (LI 2449, 2452, 2461 etc., 2022) — product conformity for solar panels, batteries, inverters; Ghana Standards Authority import inspection & EasyPass conformity programmes. View source • L.I.2354: requires submission of Local Content & Local Participation Plans, minimum local content/participation levels (schedules) and NA: it requires certain equipment listed in the Seventh Schedule to be sourced locally where local manufacture exists; contravention triggers seizure/forfeiture. • L.I.2449/2452 (2022): sets technical requirements and labelling for solar panels, batteries and inverters — suppliers must hold technical documentation & evidence of conformity; inspectors can seize non-conforming items. • GSA/Customs: high-risk goods must be accompanied by Certificate of Conformity/Analysis or face hold/detention.	Entire Project Cycle	yes	Energy Commission (local content, equipment registration, seizure/destruction of non-conforming renewable equipment); Ghana Standards Authority (import inspection, CoC/CoA, testing); Customs & Ghana Revenue Authority (import duties); EPA (if e-waste/hazardous disposal issues arise).	N/A	varies	Varies	Submit Local Content Plan and evidence for projects above thresholds; expect monitoring and audits. - Register/import only standards-compliant modules/inverters/batteries per EC LIs (models must carry required documentation). - Use GSA/EasyPass to avoid port delays; obtain CoC/CoA and accredited lab test results. - Include battery EOL and hazardous material management in ESIA/EMP. - Budget for import duties, inspection fees, testing fees and potential forfeiture if non-compliant	N/A
Ghana	Social	Community consent	Environmental Assessment Regulations (L.I.1652) View source Mandatory public consultation & disclosure during EIA; record attendance & concerns; incorporate mitigation & grievance mechanism.	Construction & Commissioning Phase	Practiced widely, quality varies; EPA enforces disclosure.	EPA (EIA review)	N/A	Integrated with EIA timeline	Consultation costs included in EIA budget	Use local languages, multiple consultations; document follow-up actions.	Increasing expectation for FPIC-style engagement in communal land contexts.
Ghana	Social	Community consent	Environmental Assessment Regulations (L.I.1652) View source Mandatory public consultation & disclosure during EIA; record attendance & concerns; incorporate mitigation & grievance mechanism.	Construction & Commissioning Phase	Practiced widely, quality varies; EPA enforces disclosure.	EPA (EIA review)	N/A	Integrated with EIA timeline	Consultation costs included in EIA budget	Use local languages, multiple consultations; document follow-up actions.	Increasing expectation for FPIC-style engagement in communal land contexts.
Ghana	Environmental	ESIA	Environmental Assessment Regulations, 1999 (L.I. 1652) (as amended) View source Screening → Scoping → EIA (if project triggers) → public consultation & EMP; applicant must register and obtain environmental permit.	Entire Project Cycle	EPA is relatively active on EIAs (public register of permits	Submit applications/Project Briefs to EPA / regional office	N/A	Screening -25 days, Scoping- 25 days Review -50 days	1 % of the development cost of the proposed undertaking	Screen early; prepare disclosure materials in local language; include EMP & monitoring budget. (VERTIC)	N/A
Ghana	Environmental	ESIA	Environmental Assessment Regulations, 1999 (L.I. 1652) (as amended) View source Screening → Scoping → EIA (if project triggers) → public consultation & EMP; applicant must register and obtain environmental permit.	Entire Project Cycle	EPA is relatively active on EIAs (public register of permits	Submit applications/Project Briefs to EPA / regional office	N/A	Screening -25 days, Scoping- 25 days Review -50 days	1 % of the development cost of the proposed undertaking	Screen early; prepare disclosure materials in local language; include EMP & monitoring budget. (VERTIC)	N/A
Ghana	Environmental	Solid waste & operational pollution	Environmental Protection Act 2025 (Act 1124) View source Waste management plans required as part of EIA; operational pollution control (spills, fuels, oils).	Construction & Commissioning Phase	Variable—stronger in cities.	EPA (EIA/permitting) & local assemblies for municipal waste	N/A	Varies by municipality	Costs depend on service contracts; not centrally published.	Plan for oil/fuel containment, emergency response, licensed disposal for hazardous wastes.	Local waste bylaws vary by assembly—check district rules.
Ghana	Environmental	Solid waste & operational pollution	Environmental Protection Act 2025 (Act 1124) View source Waste management plans required as part of EIA; operational pollution control (spills, fuels, oils).	Construction & Commissioning Phase	Variable—stronger in cities.	EPA (EIA/permitting) & local assemblies for municipal waste	N/A	Varies by municipality	Costs depend on service contracts; not centrally published.	Plan for oil/fuel containment, emergency response, licensed disposal for hazardous wastes.	Local waste bylaws vary by assembly—check district rules.
Ghana	Environmental	Emission regulations	Environmental Protection Act 2025 (Act 1124); Ambient standards & EPA guidance; AQMPs View source Projects listed in Schedules require screening; where EIS required the Regulations set permit routes. L.I.1652 originally set “fee = 1% of development cost where an EIS required”; L.I.1703 (2002) inserted Schedules 2A/2B/2C with explicit processing & certificate fees by sector/scale.	Project Conception & Feasibility phase	EPA is relatively active on EIAs (public register of permits	EPA (registration / permits)	N/A	Screening -25 days, Scoping- 25 days Review -50 days	1% of development cost	Must obtain Environmental Clearance Certificate before construction. ESIA must include community consultation, EMP, monitoring, mitigation measures. Energy projects often fall in “Energy sector” fee bands in L.I.1703. Size gensets, battery ventilation and wastewater containment to meet EPA thresholds; include monitoring in EMP.	N/A
Ghana	Environmental	Emission regulations	Environmental Protection Act 2025 (Act 1124); Ambient standards & EPA guidance; AQMPs View source Projects listed in Schedules require screening; where EIS required the Regulations set permit routes. L.I.1652 originally set “fee = 1% of development cost where an EIS required”; L.I.1703 (2002) inserted Schedules 2A/2B/2C with explicit processing & certificate fees by sector/scale.	Project Conception & Feasibility phase	EPA is relatively active on EIAs (public register of permits	EPA (registration / permits)	N/A	Screening -25 days, Scoping- 25 days Review -50 days	1% of development cost	Must obtain Environmental Clearance Certificate before construction. ESIA must include community consultation, EMP, monitoring, mitigation measures. Energy projects often fall in “Energy sector” fee bands in L.I.1703. Size gensets, battery ventilation and wastewater containment to meet EPA thresholds; include monitoring in EMP.	N/A
Ghana	Environmental	Deforestation	Forest Protection (Amendment) Act 2002 (Act 624); Forest Reserves Acts; Forest Protection Decree (NRCD 243) ; Ghana Forest & Wildlife Policy View source Permits required for tree felling/clearance in reserves; protection of reserves & riparian buffers. A Salvage Permit is the standard administrative permit for removing trees in areas undergoing development (e.g., road, grid/minigrid site). All timber removal must be documented, inspected and accompanied by the correct permit and Forest Service inspection reports.	Project Conception & Feasibility phase	Enforcement in reserves but illegal logging issues persist.	Ministry of Lands & Natural Resources, Forestry Commission (FC), Forest Services Division (FSD); District Forestry Offices	N/A	Case-by-case	Permit fees vary (not centrally posted)	Avoid reserves; secure permits if clearing required; use degraded land where possible.	Forestry permit checks essential for rural siting.
Ghana	Environmental	Deforestation	Forest Protection (Amendment) Act 2002 (Act 624); Forest Reserves Acts; Forest Protection Decree (NRCD 243) ; Ghana Forest & Wildlife Policy View source Permits required for tree felling/clearance in reserves; protection of reserves & riparian buffers. A Salvage Permit is the standard administrative permit for removing trees in areas undergoing development (e.g., road, grid/minigrid site). All timber removal must be documented, inspected and accompanied by the correct permit and Forest Service inspection reports.	Project Conception & Feasibility phase	Enforcement in reserves but illegal logging issues persist.	Ministry of Lands & Natural Resources, Forestry Commission (FC), Forest Services Division (FSD); District Forestry Offices	N/A	Case-by-case	Permit fees vary (not centrally posted)	Avoid reserves; secure permits if clearing required; use degraded land where possible.	Forestry permit checks essential for rural siting.
Ghana	Environmental	End of life management	Hazardous & Electronic Waste Control and Management Act, 2016 (Act 917); Technical Guidelines on E-waste (EPA, 2018) View source Requires environmentally sound management of e-waste; licensing/registration for collectors & processors; mandatory measures for hazardous components.Battery & e-waste must be managed as hazardous waste streams; collection, licensed handlers and disposal required; municipal charges for local disposal may apply.	Entire Project Cycle	Mandatory	EPA / licensed waste handlers; EPA registers facilities	N/A	Varies—depends on handler capacity & local arrangements.	Disposal/handler costs vary; licensing fees per EPA (not always posted).	Include battery take-back and e-waste budgeting; contract licensed recyclers; keep chain-of-custody records. (Sustainable Recycling Industries)	Drafts and enforcement efforts ongoing; national e-waste implementation plans to watch.
Ghana	Environmental	End of life management	Hazardous & Electronic Waste Control and Management Act, 2016 (Act 917); Technical Guidelines on E-waste (EPA, 2018) View source Requires environmentally sound management of e-waste; licensing/registration for collectors & processors; mandatory measures for hazardous components.Battery & e-waste must be managed as hazardous waste streams; collection, licensed handlers and disposal required; municipal charges for local disposal may apply.	Entire Project Cycle	Mandatory	EPA / licensed waste handlers; EPA registers facilities	N/A	Varies—depends on handler capacity & local arrangements.	Disposal/handler costs vary; licensing fees per EPA (not always posted).	Include battery take-back and e-waste budgeting; contract licensed recyclers; keep chain-of-custody records. (Sustainable Recycling Industries)	Drafts and enforcement efforts ongoing; national e-waste implementation plans to watch.
Ghana	Social	Occupational health & safety	Labour Act 2003 (OHS provisions); National OHS guidelines View source Written OHS management plan for construction and O&M; electrical safety procedures, battery storage (ventilation, spill containment, fire suppression), lock-out/tag-out, confined-space procedures, PPE, first aid, incident registers, and training. Include emergency response and insurance coverage.	Operations & Maintenance Phase	Increasing enforcement in formal sector; field variability.	Labour Inspectorate under Ministry of Employment; Health & Safety provisions also interact with Ministry of Health and Municipal authorities.	N/A	Case-by-case	N/A	plan OHS budget (training, PPE, monitoring), require contractor OHS plans, run toolbox talks, and include independent OHS audits as condition for tranche payments.	OHS Agency/Bill (NOSHA/OSH Bill drafts
Ghana	Social	Occupational health & safety	Labour Act 2003 (OHS provisions); National OHS guidelines View source Written OHS management plan for construction and O&M; electrical safety procedures, battery storage (ventilation, spill containment, fire suppression), lock-out/tag-out, confined-space procedures, PPE, first aid, incident registers, and training. Include emergency response and insurance coverage.	Operations & Maintenance Phase	Increasing enforcement in formal sector; field variability.	Labour Inspectorate under Ministry of Employment; Health & Safety provisions also interact with Ministry of Health and Municipal authorities.	N/A	Case-by-case	N/A	plan OHS budget (training, PPE, monitoring), require contractor OHS plans, run toolbox talks, and include independent OHS audits as condition for tranche payments.	OHS Agency/Bill (NOSHA/OSH Bill drafts
Ghana	Social	Slavery	Labour Act 2003 (Part XIV); Human Trafficking Act, 2005 View source A person shall not be required to perform forced labour. (2) It is an offence for an employer to exact or cause to be exacted, or permit to be exacted, for his or her benefit forced labour from any worker. Prohibits forced labour and trafficking	Entire Project Cycle	Enforced through criminal system when detected.	Police / Courts	N/A	Case-by-case	N/A	Include trafficking/forced labour clauses in contracts and procurement.	N/A
Ghana	Social	Slavery	Labour Act 2003 (Part XIV); Human Trafficking Act, 2005 View source A person shall not be required to perform forced labour. (2) It is an offence for an employer to exact or cause to be exacted, or permit to be exacted, for his or her benefit forced labour from any worker. Prohibits forced labour and trafficking	Entire Project Cycle	Enforced through criminal system when detected.	Police / Courts	N/A	Case-by-case	N/A	Include trafficking/forced labour clauses in contracts and procurement.	N/A
Ghana	Social	Child labour	Labour Act 2003; Children's Act & ILO conventions View source Minimum working age rules; prohibition on hazardous work for under-18.	Operations & Maintenance Phase	Enforcement improving in formal projects; informal areas still risky.	Labour inspectorate / social services	N/A	Case-by-case	N/A	Do not engage minors in construction, electrical works, battery handling, or generator maintenance. Require age checks and ID verification for hires and for subcontractor/supplier staff. Include contractual warranties from contractors that no child labour will be used.	N/A
Ghana	Social	Child labour	Labour Act 2003; Children's Act & ILO conventions View source Minimum working age rules; prohibition on hazardous work for under-18.	Operations & Maintenance Phase	Enforcement improving in formal projects; informal areas still risky.	Labour inspectorate / social services	N/A	Case-by-case	N/A	Do not engage minors in construction, electrical works, battery handling, or generator maintenance. Require age checks and ID verification for hires and for subcontractor/supplier staff. Include contractual warranties from contractors that no child labour will be used.	N/A

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